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Welcome back from spring break! To get back to business, learn a little about new and exciting advances in STEM.
Naive B cells continuously infiltrate spontaneous germinal centers.
Autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), occur when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues. This leads to the formation of germinal centers, where the body produces antibodies against itself.
Researchers investigated this process in a mouse model of SLE. They discovered that normal cells quickly join the germinal centers where the immune response occurs, proliferate and remain there, ultimately increasing the production of harmful antibodies. This process was dependent on factors such as Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) present on immune cells.
Scientists hope to further develop treatments that can intervene at different stages of this naive cell infiltration. Current interventions include targeted drugs or treatments designed to balance the activity of these molecules or pathways, which can control autoimmune responses and reduce tissue damage. .
Diplomat shows no brain damage “Havana syndrome”
In 2016, a number of U.S. diplomats at the U.S. Embassy in Havana came down with mysterious symptoms. They reported hearing loud noises and experiencing severe headaches.
This disease is called Havana syndrome, but it is also sometimes referred to as an abnormal health incident (AHI). MRI scans of 81 patients showed no significant brain damage in these patients, but another study found that 24 people suffered from persistent postural perceptual vertigo, a chronic condition caused by changes in the brain’s spatial interpretation. It was revealed that he was suffering from a disease. Current treatment options include balance rehabilitation therapy, but other research into AHI is still ongoing.
Criticism of proposal to abolish NASA’s X-ray observation equipment
Scientists are asking Congress to prevent NASA from closing the Chandra X-ray Observatory, which has been in operation for about 25 years. But President Biden wants to cut the telescope budget by 40%. The telescope has played a key role in the discovery of supernovae, black holes, and giant galaxy clusters. If it were to shut down, no other technology would be able to match its current capabilities.
The Chandra X-ray Observatory has played a pivotal role in space exploration. Observations of X-ray emission have made it possible to understand the behavior of black holes, the distribution of hot gas in galaxy clusters, the aftermath of supernova explosions, and the properties of neutron stars and their pulsars. Overall, Chandra’s ability to detect high-energy phenomena has contributed significantly to the field of high-energy astrophysics.
Scientists have recently advocated against Chandra’s firing at meetings and in social media posts. Their goal is to influence NASA decisions, ensure the telescope’s continued operation, and highlight how NASA is advancing its scientific efforts and revealing more about the universe.
Researchers design mouse embryos with six legs
Scientists have engineered mouse fetuses with six legs instead of the typical four. The discovery will help researchers understand how specific gene pathways influence the development of body parts in embryos.
The TGFBR1 gene alters gene expression patterns in primitive structures that differentiate into fetal limbs and external genitalia. Inactivating this gene results in extra limbs and no external genitalia.
This unexpected discovery may lead to new information regarding the potential role of TGFBR1 and related genes in embryonic development and the mechanisms behind metastatic cancer and immune function.
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